18 Best things to do in Bern: Museums, History and Travel Guide
Bern, often referred to as the "federal city", is the de facto capital of Switzerland, located slightly west of the center of the country and north of the Bernese Alps. The city's coordinates are 46.9480° N, 7.4474° E. The city is part of the Bern-Mittelland administrative district and is governed by a city council (Gemeinderat) with five members and a mayor (Stadtpräsident). Bern is surrounded by the Aare, a major river of the Swiss Plateau and is known for its historic old town (Altstadt) in the center, which became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. The city is on the Swiss plateau in the canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons. Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. As of the latest census, Bern had an estimated population of 133,883.The city of Bern has a rich history dating back more than 800 years. It was founded by the Dukes of Zähringen in 1191 and joined the Swiss Confederation in 1353. In 1848, Bern was chosen as the capital city of the Confederation. Over the centuries, Bern has evolved into a modern service center, hosting the headquarters of international organizations and companies. Bern is a political center and cultural and educational hub. The city offers a rich and varied range of cultural activities, including theater performances, art exhibitions and concerts. It is known internationally as a center of science and research, particularly in the fields of cutting-edge technology, climate and medicine. Bern is a sporting city, home to top clubs like Young Boys Bern and SC Bern and has hosted international sporting events such as the EURO 2008 football European Championship and the ice hockey world championships.